What does "headway" refer to in train operations?

Headway refers to the scheduled interval between trains on the same track. This term is crucial in train operations as it determines how frequently trains arrive at stations and the overall capacity of the rail system. A shorter headway indicates more frequent train service, which can improve convenience for passengers and increase system efficiency.

Understanding headway is essential for maintaining safe distances between trains, preventing congestion, and managing train schedules effectively. It is also a critical aspect of coordinating train movements, especially during peak travel times, ensuring that services can handle the demand without delays.

The other options focus on different aspects of train operations, such as distance covered, speed limits, and passenger waiting times, which do not encompass the specific definition of headway in the context of train scheduling and operations.